In equipment maintenance, it is often necessary to judge the quality of lubricants and greases, and their influence on the movement of equipment and the cause of failure. In the absence of conditions of analysis and testing, the use of some simple identification methods, obviously necessary. 1. simple identification of lubricating oil (1) the viscosity test: usually is the equipment has used the lubricating oil and equipment need to use the standard viscosity of the lubricating oil, using the comparison method to test, in order to determine whether the need to change the oil. (1) in a clean glass, respectively, a drop of the lubricant to be tested and the standard lubricant. When dropping oil, put the glass flat. After dropping the oil, then tilt the glass piece, pay attention to compare the speed of this oil drops down and the distance of flow. If the flow speed is large and the distance of flow is far, the viscosity is relatively small. If the speed is about the same and the distance of flow is closer, the viscosity grade of this oil may be the same or close. 2) Use two glass test tubes of the same diameter and length, one filled with the oil to be tested and the other filled with the standard lubricant. Require the oil in the two test tubes to be filled to the same height, and not full, leaving an air bubble. Then block the test tube mouth with a wooden plug, connect the two test tubes together, while the speed inverted 180 degrees, observe the speed of bubbles rising in the test tube. The bubble rising speed of the test tube is filled with lubricating oil, viscosity is relatively small; bubble rising speed of the test tube can be filled with lubricating oil, viscosity is relatively large. If you want to judge the oil to be tested is close to that grade of oil, you can use several known grades of oil to compare with the oil to be tested respectively. When the bubble rise rate of both is close, it can be said that the quality of the two oils is close in terms of viscosity. (2) Test of moisture (1) Put the oil to be tested into a dry test tube, then heat the bottom of the test tube to about 100~120 degrees, and observe while heating. If there is moisture in the oil, there will be sound, foam, or condensed water droplets on the test wall, and the oil becomes cloudy. 2）Put the oil to be examined into the test tube, then add a small amount of white powdered anhydrous crystalline copper sulfate, if there is water in the oil, it immediately turns blue and precipitates at the bottom of the test tube. (3) Use a clean, dry veil dipped in the oil to be tested and then ignite it with fire. If there is water in the oil, there will be an explosion sound or flash phenomenon. (3) the test of mechanical impurities (1) the viscosity of small oil can be injected directly into the test tube, slightly warmed and then stand still to observe. If you see a precipitate or suspended matter, that there is mechanical precipitation in the oil. (2) viscosity of the larger oil can be diluted with clean gasoline 5 ~ 10 times, according to the above method of identification. It can also be diluted and filtered with filter paper, if by mechanical impurities, it will remain on the filter paper. 2. Simple identification of grease In the process of equipment maintenance, the quality of grease identification, mainly to see whether there is a change in nature, whether mixed with impurities. (1) the identification of grease fiber network structure damage: grease fiber network structure damage phenomenon is to go to the adhesion, so that the lubrication performance is reduced. Identification, grease can be coated in a clean copper sheet, and then put into a large container with water for rotation, after several rotations, if the surface of the water appears oil beads, it means that the examined grease fiber network structure has been damaged. Obviously, this method is only suitable for the identification of water-resistant grease. (2) Water resistance identification: when using grease, if it is not clear how to resist water, use your fingers to take a small amount of grease, drop a little water, slightly twist and press, if the emulsification phenomenon occurs quickly, it can be judged as sodium-based grease. If emulsification does not occur, it can be judged as calcium-based grease or lithium-based grease, or barium-based grease. If the emulsification is slow and incomplete, it can be judged as calcium-sodium grease. (3) Identification of impurities (1) Use fingers to take a little grease for twisting and pressing, and judge whether there are hard particles mixed in the examined grease by feeling. (2) Apply the lubricant evenly on the clean glass sheet, scrape the thickness of the coating at about 0.5mm, put it in the light for observation, and judge whether there are particle impurities in the examined grease. 3）Take a small amount of grease in the test tube, add gasoline to dissolve, observe whether there is precipitation. (4) Identification of oxidation and deterioration: If oxidation and deterioration of grease occurs, it can be seen clearly from the appearance. At this time, the color of grease becomes black or deepen, and the surface will form a hard gel film.  

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