Wear refers to the continuous loss of material during use due to the interaction of two sliding or rolling/sliding contact surfaces

Abrasive wear (particle wear; Three-body wear is the loss of material due to sliding in the presence of hard particles, when a hard surface or particle slides across another surface, removing material from that surface by cutting or furling. The surface darkens to some extent after wear, and the degree of darkening varies with the thickness and characteristics of the abrasive particles . As the material on the rotating surface and possibly on the cage is worn off, the number of abrasive particles gradually increases, and eventually the wear enters an accelerated process, leading to bearing failure.

Although there is usually some degree of surface darkening, the polishing effect occurs when the abrasive particles are very fine, resulting in a very bright surface

Note: the “running-in” of rolling bearings is a natural short-term process, after which the running state (such as noise or working temperature) will be stabilized or even improved. Thus, the running track is visible, but this does not mean that the bearing is damaged.

Adhesive wear is the transfer of material from one surface to another, accompanied by friction heating, sometimes accompanied by surface tempering or re-quenching. This process produces local stress concentrations and may result in cracking or spalling of the contact area.

In the case of insufficient lubrication, when the sliding and friction caused by the local temperature rise caused by the contact surface adhesion, smearing (slip, bond, scratch, coarsening), resulting in material transfer. If the roller is under too little load and is strongly accelerated when it re-enters the bearing zone, smearing often occurs between the roller and the raceway . Biting can occur in cases of severe application. In contrast to the gradual accumulation of abrasive wear, smear often occurs suddenly.

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