Wheel hub bearing

 

1. The earliest hub bearing

The earliest hub bearing in use is composed of two sets of single-row centripetal ball bearings or tapered roller bearings. Its disadvantage is that the installation and maintenance need to fill grease and adjust clearance, and improper grease type, dosage or not clean enough and improper clearance adjustment often bring serious consequences of greatly reduced bearing life.

 

The improvement of hub bearings consisting of two sets of single row bearings has led to the use of sealed double row bearings with pre-regulated clearance. The clearance of this bearing has been adjusted correctly at the time of manufacture, and the seal and lubrication of the bearing itself can avoid the entry of dirt during installation and the risk of incorrect grease type and amount.This expanded lubrication, sealing and clearance adjustment functions of hub bearings is known as the first generation of hub bearings.

 

The outer ring of the first generation of hub bearings with a flange constitutes the second generation of hub bearings.Wheel hub bearing the extension of the structure and function make the wheel hub bearing structure is greatly simplified, dosage of wheel parts need to be reduced, and the installation is simple easy to wheel bearing structure and function of further expansion of the third generation wheel hub bearing, bearing itself, short axis and functions of ordinary hub, its ring flange is used for supporting wheel and brake disc,The outer flange is used to connect the suspension.This kind of bearing assembly not only has the advantages of simplifying the design of automobile wheel and suspension device, reducing the volume, simplifying assembly, easy to move and the possibility of installation error is very small, but also effectively reduces the cost of automobile parts.

 

At present, the expansion of structure and function has made hub bearings develop into the fourth generation of constant speed universal joint, so that the technical performance and economic effects of hub bearings have reached a new level.

 

Hub bearing (HUB) is the main role of load-bearing and provide accurate guidance for the rotation of the hub, it bears both axial load and radial load, is a very important component.

 

The traditional automobile wheel bearing is composed of two sets of tapered roller bearing or ball bearing. The installation, oiling, sealing and clearance adjustment of the bearing are all carried out on the automobile production line.This structure makes it difficult to assemble in the automobile production plant, high cost, poor reliability, and the car in the maintenance point maintenance, but also need to clean, oiling and adjustment of bearings.Wheel hub bearing unit is in the standard angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings, on the basis of it will be two sets of bearing as a whole, has the assembly clearance adjustment performance is good, can be omitted, light weight, compact structure, large load capacity, for the sealed bearing prior to loading, ellipsis external wheel grease seal and from maintenance etc, and has been widely used in cars,There is also a trend of gradually expanding application in truck.

 

2. Installation and use of automobile hub bearings

Car hub bearings used to be the most paired use of single row tapered roller or ball bearings.With the development of technology, car wheel hub unit has been widely used.The use and usage of hub bearing units is growing day by day, and now it has developed into the third generation: the first generation is composed of double row angular contact bearings.The second generation has a flange for fixing the bearing on the outer raceway, and the bearing can be simply sheathed to the wheel shaft and fixed with nuts.It makes car maintenance easier.The third generation hub bearing unit is the bearing unit and anti-lock brake system ABS.The hub unit is designed to have an inner flange and an outer flange. The inner flange is bolted to the drive shaft and the outer flange holds the entire bearing together.Wear or damaged hub bearings or hub units can cause inappropriate and costly failure of your vehicle on the road, or even cause harm to your safety.

 

3. Please pay attention to the following matters in the use and installation of hub bearings

1) In order to ensure safety and reliability to the maximum extent, it is recommended that you often check the hub bearing no matter how old the car is — pay attention to whether the bearing has an early warning signal of wear: including any friction noise during rotation or abnormal deceleration of the suspension combination wheel when turning.For rear-wheel drive vehicles, it is recommended to lubricate the front hub bearings before the vehicle travels to 38000 km.When replacing the brake system, check the bearings and replace the oil seal.

 

2) such as hearing the noise from the hub bearing part, first of all, it is important to find the location of the noise.There are many moving parts that can produce noise, and it is possible that some moving parts have come into contact with non-rotating parts.If it is confirmed that the noise is in the bearing, the bearing may have been damaged and needs to be replaced.

 

3) Because the working conditions of the front hub leading to the failure of both sides of the bearing are similar, even if only one bearing is broken, it is also recommended to replace it in pairs.

 

4) Hub bearings are sensitive, and in any case the correct method and appropriate tools need to be used.In the process of storage, transportation and installation, bearing components should not be damaged.Some bearings require high pressure, so special tools are needed.Be sure to refer to the manufacturer’s manual.

 

5) When installing bearings, they should be in a clean and tidy environment. Small particles entering bearings will shorten the service life of bearings.It is very important to keep a clean environment when replacing bearings.A hammer is not allowed to hit the bearing, take care that the bearing does not fall to the ground (or similar mishandling).Before installation, the condition of the shaft and the bearing seat should be checked. Even minor wear and tear will lead to poor coordination, thus causing early failure of the bearing.

 

6) For the hub bearing unit, do not attempt to disassemble the hub bearing or adjust the sealing ring of the hub unit, otherwise it will damage the sealing ring and lead to the entry of water or dust.Even the seal ring and inner ring raceway are damaged, causing permanent failure of bearings.

 

7) There is a magnetic thrust ring in the sealing ring of the bearing of the ABS device. The thrust ring cannot be collided, impacted or collided with other magnetic fields.Remove from the box before installation and keep them away from magnetic fields, such as electric motors or power tools used.When installing these bearings, the operation of the bearings is changed by observing the ABS alarm needle on the instrument panel during the road condition test.

 

8) For the hub bearing equipped with ABS magnetic thrust ring, in order to determine which side the thrust ring is installed on, a light and small thing can be used * near the edge of the bearing, and the magnetic force generated by the bearing will attract it.During installation, point one side of the magnetic thrust ring inward, facing the sensing element of the ABS.

 

Caution: Improper installation may result in failure of the braking system.

 

9) Many bearings are sealed, and this kind of bearings do not need to be lubricated throughout their life.Other unsealed bearings such as double row tapered roller bearings must be lubricated with grease during installation.Because the size of the inner cavity of the bearing is different, it is difficult to determine how much oil to add. The most important thing is to ensure that there is oil in the bearing. If the oil is too much, when the bearing rotates, the excess oil will ooze out.General experience: during installation, the total amount of grease should account for 50% of the clearance of the bearing.

 

10) When installing the lock nut, the torque varies greatly due to the different bearing types and bearing seats.

 

4. maintenance attention

In the maintenance process, it is often found that some cars have large driving noise, check the tire without abnormal wear and tear, and rotate the wheel on the lifting machine without obvious abnormal noise.This phenomenon is often caused by the abnormal damage of the hub bearing, the so-called abnormal refers to the bearing damage caused by the installation reason.The front wheel bearing of the car is generally a double row ball bearing. When installing the bearing, if the hammer is used to strike the installation, or the bearing is installed by pressing the inner ring of the bearing when installing the bearing into the bearing seat, it will cause damage to the bearing raceway on one side.Noise is generated when the vehicle is moving and is not audible when the wheels are off the ground due to the better side of the raceway.Correct installation and operation is the key to long life of bearings.

 

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